Oil and gas companies in the United States are bracing for the possibility that President Trump will thrust their businesses into disarray and will drive up prices at the pump by imposing 25 percent tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico.

The United States is the world’s largest oil producer, but the country’s refineries are designed to turn a mix of different types of oil into fuels like gasoline and diesel. Roughly 60 percent of the crude oil that the United States imports comes from Canada, and about 7 percent comes from Mexico. Many refineries are set up to use those particular imports and cannot easily switch to oil from other places.

Analysts are not sure just how Mr. Trump’s tariffs might ripple through the oil market — and who would bear the added expenses. The costs may not be significant if the tariffs are in place only temporarily, or if the administration makes it easy for refiners to obtain waivers to keep buying Canadian or Mexican crude without paying extra.

Mr. Trump has said that the tariffs would take effect on Saturday. He has indicated at various points that oil might be subject to less severe penalties. On Friday, in response to a question about oil imported from Canada, Mr. Trump said he probably would reduce the planned tariff to 10 percent for that commodity. He previously suggested that he might exempt oil from the tariffs entirely.

The oil and gas industry was one of the biggest supporters of Mr. Trump during the 2024 election, giving more than $75 million to his campaign, and the president has made helping the industry, such as by loosening regulations,phl63 gaming a key policy priority. He also promised to reduce energy costs for consumers.

A White House spokesman did not directly address how placing tariffs on energy imports would align with Mr. Trump’s goal of reducing prices. “His promises focus on building on the achievements of his first term and reversing the setbacks of the previous four years,” the spokesman, Harrison W. Fields, said in a statement before Mr. Trump’s Friday remarks.

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But the move backfired in a way that few supporters expected. Californians in 2021 actually tossed nearly 50 percent more plastic bags, by weight, than when the law first passed in 2014, according to data from CalRecycle, California’s recycling agency.

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